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The question of whether the characteristics of the genders are determined
by anatomical, biological, or physiological factors or influenced by society
and culture (or perhaps a mixture of the two), in other words whether the masculine
and feminine personality traits are inherent or they are shaped by our education
and the expectations of our society, is still debated in psychology, sociology, anthropology
or, for example, among the researchers of the anatomy of the male and
female brains. Throughout history, the theological, philosophical, and historiographical
schools had different beliefs about whether the differences or the similarities
between the genders are more significant. Both sides used biblical (Old Testament)
texts to prove their opinion: that Eve was made from Adam’s rib is proof of the secondary
role of women, however, the fact that humans (both male and female) were
created in the image and likeness of God means that they are inherently equal. The
egalitarian philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment also denied the psychological
differences between men and women, claiming that the soul has no gender.
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